Sodium hydroxide, yomwe imadziwika kuti caustic soda, soda, ndi custic soda, ndi alkali mu mawonekedwe a flakes, granules, kapena midadada. Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi (imatulutsa kutentha mukasungunuka m'madzi) ndikupanga yankho la alkaline. Ndizosangalatsa ndipo zimatha kuyamwa mosavuta mpweya (ma cliquescence) ndi mpweya woipa (kuwonongeka) mlengalenga. Hydrochloric acid akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti ayang'anire ngati afalikira. Kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, ethanol, ndi glycerol, koma insuluble mu acetone ndi ether. Chochita choyera ndi chozungulira chopanda utoto komanso chowoneka bwino. Kachulukidwe ka 2.13g / cm3. Malo osungunuka 318 ℃. Kuwiritsa 1388 ℃. Zogulitsa za mafakitale zimakhala ndi zochepa za sodium chloride ndi sodium carbonate, omwe ndi makhire oyera a opaque. Tiye tikambirane za mapulogalamu othandiza a sodium hydroxide mu chitsulo chazitsulo.
1. Pochotsa Mafuta, gwiritsani ntchito sodium hydroxide kuti muchitepo kanthu mwa acid edters munyama ndi masamba mafuta kupanga sodium stearate (sopo) ndi glycerin (glycerin). Pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kumachepa ndipo pH imaposa 10.5, sodium yosasunthika idzachepetsedwa; Ngati ndende ili yayitali kwambiri, kusungunuka kwa sodium stearate ndi surticticture idzachepetsedwa, chifukwa cha ku Hadle Hadarbility ndi hydrogen oxidation. Kuchuluka kwa sodium nthawi zambiri sikupitilira 100g / l. Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri magawo achitsulo, monga zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, ma atonium assoys, nickel, mkuwa, ndi zigawo zingapo, zokhala ndi zigawo zingapo zisanachitike. Komabe, sodium hydroxide sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku digiri ya alkali-solubles monga aluminiyamu ndi zinc. Alkiline Degratearlearless ya pulasitiki ndi yoyenera kwa Abs, polysulfone, osinthika polystyrene, etc.
2. Mankhwala a aluminium alloy isanachitike musanayambe, kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kumagwiritsidwa ntchito alkali akutalika. Njirayi ndi njira yothandizira chithandizo musanayambe aluminiyamu chilonya mankhwala. Kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa aluminium altuy mawonekedwe. ②. Sodium hydroxide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu njira yolumikizira mankhwala a aluminium ndi ma entros. Ndi njira yodziwika bwino lero. Munjira ya aluminium ndi ma entroys, zomwe zili ndi sodium hydroxide nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa ku 100 ~ 200g / l. , ndipo pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kumawonjezera, kuthamanga kwa etch kumathandizira. Komabe, ngati kupanduka kuli kwakukulu, kumawonjezera mtengo. Kukhazikika kwa zinthu zina za aluminium kumawonongeka. Zoterezi zili motere, Naoh + H2o = Naio2 + h2 ↑
3. Makamaka mu alkaline zinc Kulemba, kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide ndikofunikira kuti musunge yankho; Muzovala zamagetsi zopanda mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha mafa osinthanitsa osalala; Ntchito pokonzekera kusintha kwa zinc kumiza pamaso pa aluminiyamu eley kupanga ma electro osatulutsa / elkrophy, etc. ①. Ntchito ku Cyanside zinc. Sodium hydroxide ndiosanja kwina pakusamba. Zovuta ndi ma ayoni a zinc kuti apange zizindikiro za zizindikiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kusamba kokhazikika ndikusintha mawonekedwe a kusamba. Chifukwa chake, ku Cast Wanctfoursication Yabwino komanso Kubalalitsa kuthekera kwa njira yolembera kumasintha. Pamene sodium hydroxide imakhala yokwera, yosungunuka imatha msanga, ndikupangitsa kuti zinthu ziminikidwe yankho kuti ziwonjezeke ndi zokutira. Ngati sodium hydroxide ndiyapansi kwambiri, njira yothetsera yolembayo ndi yosauka, kuchuluka kwa njirayo kumachepa, ndipo zokutira zidzakhalanso zolimba. Mu njira yolemba yomwe ilibe sodium hydroxide, kuviteka kwa chivito ndi kochepa kwambiri. Pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kumawonjezeka, nthawi yochita zachikatova imachuluka. Pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kumafika (monga 80g / l), kachilomboka kwa catode kumafikira mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo umakhalabe wokhazikika. ②. Ntchito mu zizindikiro zamagetsi: sodium hydroxide ndi wovuta komanso mchere wochititsane. Zowonjezera pang'ono za sodium hydroxide imatha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zokhazikika bwino ndipo zimakhala ndi moyo wabwino, zomwe ndizopindulitsa kusintha luso la obalalitsa yankho la kulemba. , ndikulola Ayode kuti asungunuke mwachizolowezi. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinc oxide ku sodium hydroxide muchizindikiro cha Zilicate ndifanane ndi malire a 1: Pamene sodium hydroxide imakhala yokwera kwambiri, mawonekedwe a sode imasungunuka mwachangu, ndende ya zincnc yosamba kuti ikhale yosambira ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo ma crystallization ndi okutidwa ndi oyipa. Ngati zomwe zili ndizotsika kwambiri, zomwe zimayenda bwino zimachepetsedwa, ndipo zinc hydroxide mpweya zimapangidwa mosavuta, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa zokutira. ③. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuyika ma alkaline. Mu kuyika kwa alkaline, ntchito yayikulu ya sodium hydroxide ndikupanga mtundu wokhazikika ndi mchere wamchere, kukonza mawonekedwe, ndikuwongolera chisinthiko chakomweko. Pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kumawonjezeka, polarization imakhala yamphamvu ndipo kufalitsa luso kumawonjezeka, koma kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kumachepa. Ngati sodium hydroxide ndi yayitali kwambiri, ndizovuta kuti andede kuti akhalebe ndi mbiri yakale ndikusungunuka tini yagawanika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopanda pake. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera ndende ya sodium hydroxide ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuwongolera zinthu zamchere. Nthawi zambiri sodium hydroxide imayendetsedwa pa 7 ~ 15g / l, ndipo ngati potaziyamu hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito, imayendetsedwa pa 10 ~ 20g / 20g / l. Munjira yopumira ya anthu osalala, sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthitsa mtengo wamafuta, khalani ndi kukhazikika kwa yankho ndikupereka malo amtundu wa almaline. Pansi zina, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa kutupa kwamikuwa sikungakulitse kukhazikika kwa yankho la malonda osakwanira. Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pakukongoletsa chitsulo. Kukhazikika kwa sodium hydroxide mwachindunji kumakhudza kuthamanga kwa oxidation kwa chitsulo. Zitsulo zazitali za kaboni zimathamanga kwambiri ma oxidation oxidation ndi otsika kwambiri (550 ~ 650g / l) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Maxidation otsika otsika mtengo amafulumira komanso yokwera kwambiri (600 ~ ~ ~ l) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide kuli kowopsa, kanema wa oxide ndi wamkulu, koma filimuyo imamasulidwa komanso yopanda pake, ndipo fumbi lofiira limawoneka kuti likuwoneka. Ngati ndende ya sodium hydroxide imaposa 1100g / l, magnetic chitsulo chasungunuka ndipo simungathe kupanga filimu. Kukhazikika kwa sodium hydroxide ngati kuli kotsika kwambiri, kanema wa oxdeidiyo adzakhala wochepa thupi ndipo pamwamba adzabedwa, ndipo kuteteza udzakhala wosauka.
4. Ntchito mu Chithandizo cha Ziweda
Post Nthawi: Sep-04-2024
