1. Mawu ofotokoza za soda, yodziwika ndi zasayansi ngati sodium hydroxide (Naoh), ndi alkali wamphamvu ya alkali ndi vuto lalikulu. Ili ndi mitundu iwiri: yolimba ndi yamadzimadzi. Soda yolimba ya caustic ndi yoyera ndipo ili ndi ma flakes, granules, etc.; madzi a caustic soda ndi madzi opanda utoto komanso owoneka bwino. Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi kuti ipange yankho la alkaline, ndipo limakhalanso ndi hygroscopic ndipo imawonongeka pomwe imamwa mpweya woipa. Diasc soda ndi mankhwala oyambira osamera, ndipo ndi amodzi mwa awiri a alkalis mu "asidi atatu ndi awiri alkalis" limodzi ndi phulusa la soda. Koloko soda imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu alumuna, zamkati, utoto, ulusi wamankhwala, nsalu yothira mafuta, kutsuka kwa chakudya, makina Makampani, makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi zina mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, soshoni sositi wa caustic amatha kugawidwa m'madzi a causta ndi soda yolimba. Madzi amadzimadzi a caustic amatchedwa sopo madzi soda, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda utoto komanso yowoneka bwino. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta a sodium hydroxide Soda, 50% madzi a caustic soda, etc. 32% yamadzimadzi a caustic soda ndi 50% sopo soaustic soda ndi zitsanzo zazikulu. Soda yolimba yolimba imatchedwa soda yolimba ya caustic, kuphatikizapo flake caustic soda ndi granolar caustic soda. Flake caustic soda amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta a sodium hydroxide omwe 99% flake caustic soda ndiye chithunzi chachikulu.
2. Kupanga njira njira yopangira soda imaphatikizapo njira yogwirizira ndi njira ya electrolysis. Njira yovuta ndi njira yovuta kwambiri soda, ndipo njira ya electrolyus imagawidwa mu njira ya Mercury, njira ya diaphragm, ndi ion Snuencnge njira ya Membrane. Njira ya Ion Membrane ndi njira yodziwikiratu padziko lonse lapansi pano, ndipo 99% ya koustic modada m'dziko langa imasunga izi. Ion Sluenge Tembrane Elecrolysis ndi njira yopezera kosungunukira soda ndi chlorine pogwiritsa ntchito chokhazikika cha ma adoni kuti muletse gawo la Adode Chamber ndi catode Ion Steves Stevene ali ndi chosankha chapadera, chomwe chimangololeza mita kudutsa ndi ma break a matenda ndi mipweya yodutsa. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pa electrolysis, ongongole ma emode edelyte Namalyte Namani, pomwe ma sloor elerrolyte, pomwepo, kupewa chiopsezo cha kuphulika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa Mipweya iwiriyo, komanso kupewa m'badwo wa zosafunikira zomwe zimakhudza kuyera kwa caustic koloko. Kupanga kwa ion membrane elelylysis kumagawidwa m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi: kukonzanso, ma brine, chlorine mankhwalawa, ma alkali olimba. Mankhwala ake ndi awa: 2Nocl + 2h2o = 2Nooh + 2h2 ↑ ch2 jh v ch2 jh j2 jh v2 jh jh jh jh jh jh jh jh ↑ ya cl2 ↑
3. Kuyambitsa kwa unyolo wa mafakitale chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mafakitale, kumtunda kwa caustic koloko ndi magetsi ndi mchere waiwisi. Zimatenga 2300-2400 kwh la magetsi ndi 1.4-1.6 matani amchere wa wiya kuti apange chitsulo cha caustic soda, ndi akaunti iti ya 60% ya mtengo wopanga diaustic motsatana. Mabizinesi ambiri a chlor-alkali amanga mphamvu zawo zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo, kotero mitengo ya malasha imakhudzanso mtengo wa caustic koloko. Ponseponse, mtengo wa magetsi omasulira ndi mchere waiwisi m'dziko langa ndi wokhazikika, motero magawo osinthira a caustic soda pa mbali yotsika mtengo siakulu. Monga zofunikira zoyambira, koloko soda imakhala ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, makamaka kuphatikiza alumina, kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto, fiberni ya mankhwala, makampani ena. Pakati pawo, alumina ndiye mafakitale akulu kwambiri a caustic soda, yowerengera ndalama zopitilira 30% ya mankhwala a caaustic soda. kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto, makina opanga ma hemi hermation amamwa maakaunti a 12.6%; makampani opanga mankhwala, maakaunti ogwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi 12%; Mafakitale otsalawo amabalalika, kuwerengera ndalama zosakwana 10%.
Post Nthawi: Disembala-17-2024
