Sodium hydroxide (Naoh), yomwe imadziwika kuti causho, caustic soda, ndi daisc soda, soda, imatchedwanso caustic soda ku Hong Kong chifukwa cha dzina lake: Soustic Soda. Ndi cholimba kutentha firiji ndipo ndizachilengedwe kwambiri. Kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, yankho lake la madzi ndi lamphamvu kwambiri ndipo limatha kutembenuza phenolphthalein. Sodium hydroxide ndi maziko ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo imodzi mwazofunikira mankhwala mu labotale. Sodium hydroxide imamwa mosavuta mpweya wamadzi mlengalenga, kotero ziyenera kusindikizidwa ndikusungidwa ndi malo otsetsereka. Njira yake ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kusamba kwamadzi.
【Zovuta Zachilengedwe】
1. Zowopsa Zaumoyo. Njira zokhotera: inhalation ndi kulowa. Ziwopsezo Zaumoyo: Izi zimakwiyitsa kwambiri komanso kuwononga. Fumbi kapena utsi limatha kukhumudwitsa maso ndi kupuma ndikupumira ndikuundana. kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa khungu ndi maso ndipo Naoh angayambitse kuyaka; Kulowedwa mwangozi kumatha kuyambitsa m'mimba, mucous nembanena kukokoloka, magazi ndi manyazi.
2. Zowopsa zachilengedwe komanso machitidwe owopsa: malonda awa sadzawotcha. Idzapanga kutentha kwakukulu mukamawonekera m'madzi ndi nthunzi yamadzi, ndikupanga yankho. Amalowerera ndi asidi ndikutulutsa kutentha. Zotupa kwambiri. Zinthu zopanga (kuwonongeka): kumatha kubala utsi wowopsa.
[Njira zathupi zadzidzidzi]
1. Kuyankha kwadzidzidzi: khazikitsani malo odulidwa otupa ndikukhazikitsa zizindikiro zochenjeza pozungulira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti oyankha mwadzidzidzi amavala masks a gasi ndi masuti oteteza mankhwala. Osalumikizana mwachindunji ndi zida zoyambirira. Gwiritsani ntchito fosholo yoyera kuti mutolere mu chidebe chouma, choyera komanso chophimba. Onjezani pang'ono ku Naoh mpaka madzi ambiri, sinthani chisamaliro, kenako ndikuyika mu dongosolo lamadzi owononga. Muthanso kutsuka ndi madzi ambiri ndikuyika madzi odulidwa mu dongosolo lamadzi lamadzi. Ngati pali kutayikira kwakukulu, sonkhanitsani ndikubwezeretsanso kapena kutaya pambuyo pake pambuyo pa chithandizo chovulaza.
2. Njira zotchinga kupuma mopumira: Valani chigoba cha gasi pakafunika kutero. Chitetezo cha Diso: Valani magalasi achitetezo a mankhwala. Zovala zoteteza: kuvala maofesi (opangidwa ndi zida zotsutsana). Chitetezo cha dzanja: Valani magolovesi a mphira. Ena: Pambuyo pa ntchito, kusamba ndikusintha zovala. Samalani ndi ukhondo. 3. Kulumikizana ndi Maso: Kukweza matope ndi kutulutsa madzi kapena mchere kwa mphindi zosachepera 15. Kapena kutsuka ndi 3% Boric acid yankho. Pitani kuchipatala. Inhalation: Yendani mwachangu. Perekani kupuma kopeka ngati pakufunika. Pitani kuchipatala. Ingerstion: Poizoni mkamwa kuyenera kutsukidwa posachedwa ndi china chake ngati mapuloteni, monga mkaka, yogati ndi zinthu zina zamkaka. Muzimutsuka pakamwa panu pomwe wodwala ali maso, amatenga viniga kapena mandimu pakamwa, ndikupita kuchipatala. Njira zozimitsira moto: Madzi, mchenga, kaboni dayokisi yozimitsa moto.
【Zopangira mankhwala】
1. Naoh ndi maziko olimba ndipo ali ndi zinthu zonse za maziko.
2. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha otchedwa Chisoni mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Naoh = na + oh
3.
4. Atha kuchitira ndi anthu osungirako acidic:
5. ) 3 ↓ + 3h2 ↑)
6. Alkali wamphamvu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonzekera kufooka kwa alkali: Naoh + NH4CL = Nacl + Nh3 · H2O
7. Angatani ndi mchere wina: 2naoh + CUSO4 = CU) 2 ↓s
8. Naoh ndiosamva kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwononga kapangidwe ka mapulotete.
9. Naoh amatha kuyamwa kaboni dayokisi. Njira yotsatirayi ili motere: 2naoh + CO2 = Na2Co3 + h2o (a kooh + ce2)
. Zimakhala zovuta kutsegula, kotero kuti nthawi zambiri mabotolo agalasi ali ndi sodium hydroxide, oyimilira a mphira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito)
11. Angatani ndi zizindikiro. "Alkali katundu" adzatembenuka ofiira atazindikira kuti ndi zinthu zopanda utoto (zomwe zili ndi sodium hydroxide zidzayambitsanso phenolphthalen yankho).
12. Ndikosavuta kunyoza mukayika mlengalenga, ndikutenga co2 mlengalenga ndikuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo owuma ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mpweya wowuma. 【Zolemba】 pangani zolimba ndikusunga m'malo ozizira komanso owuma. Yosungirako yotalikirana ndi mayendedwe a asidi ndi zoyaka. Pakakhala khungu (diso) kulumikizana, nadzatsuka ndi madzi ambiri othamanga. Ngati ndi khungu, gwiritsani ntchito boric acid pambuyo pake. Ngati mutameza molakwika, muzimutsuka pakamwa ndi madzi, kumwa mkaka kapena dzira loyera. Miyeso yolimbana ndi moto: Madzi, mchenga. Ogulitsa ena pamsika amagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ogulitsa sodium hydroxide pokonza zidzutsa zowawa, zomwe siziloledwa. Kuchotsa kodetsa sikutenga nawo mbali. CO2 yosakanizidwa mu gasi ya alkaline imatha kuchotsedwa ndi izi: CO2 + 2naoh = Na2co3 + h2o. Calcium hydroxide ndi chinthu chosungunuka pang'ono ndipo sichitha kuyamwa kwambiri pansi pa zinthu zomwezi, motero Naoh nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamwa. Kutsimikizira CE2, calcium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Post Nthawi: Sep-02-2024
