Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa graphite ndikutsogolera ndikuti graphite ndi osakhazikika komanso khola lalikulu, pomwe kutsogolera kumakhala kovuta komanso kosatha.
Gravite ndi chiyani?
Graphite ndi gawo la mpweya wokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, a Crystalline. Ndi mtundu wa malasha. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mchere wapansi. Mchere wadzikoli ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe popanda kuphatikiza ndi chinthu china chilichonse. Komanso, graphite ndiye mtundu wokhazikika kwambiri wa kaboni yomwe imapezeka pa kutentha kwanyengo komanso kupanikizika. Gawo lobwereza la graphite yapyala ndi kaboni (c). Graphite ili ndi kazembe wa hexinal. Imawoneka ngati yachitsulo-yakuda kuti ikhale yachitsulo komanso imakhalanso ndi chimbudzi. Mtundu wamtundu wa graphite ndi wakuda (utoto wa mchere wowuma).
Kapangidwe kazithunzi kamaliro kumakhala ndi chimbudzi cha uchi. Ili ndi graphene sheet olekanitsidwa pa mtunda wa 0.335 nm. Mu kapangidwe kake ka graphite, mtunda pakati pa matomu a kaboni ndi 0.142 nm. Ma atomu a kaboni amamangirirana wina ndi mnzake kudzera pa covale. Mutu wakale wa atomu wa kaboni 4; Chifukwa chake, pali electoni yachinayi yosagwirizana ndi mitundu iliyonse ya kaboni kazinthu iyi. Chifukwa chake, electron ili ndi ufulu kusamukira, kupanga graphite yamagetsi yomwe imachititsa. Graphphite yachilengedwe ndiyothandiza pokonzanso, mabatire, opanga zitsulo, okumbika, agalu, otsekera, ndi mafuta.
Kodi chitsogozo chimatani?
Chitsogozo ndi chinthu chamankhwala chomwe chili ndi nambala ya atomiki 82 ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala pb. Zimachitika ngati chinthu chachitsulo. Chitsulo ichi ndi chitsulo cholemera ndipo chimakhala cholemera kuposa zinthu zambiri zomwe tikudziwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsogolera kumatha kuchitika ngati chitsulo chofewa komanso chovuta chopanda tanthauzo. Titha kudula zitsulo mosavuta, ndipo ili ndi lingaliro lamtambo limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a siliva. Chofunika koposa, chitsulo ichi chili ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha atomiki a chinthu chilichonse chokhazikika.
Mukamaganizira za kutsogolera kwa chitsogozo, chimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri, zovuta, zowunikirana, komanso kukana kwambiri kutero chifukwa cha pambale. Kutsogoza ali ndi cubic yapamtima yolimba ndi kulemera kwa atomiki, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe kachulukitsa kwa zitsulo zambiri monga chitsulo, mkuwa, ndi zinc. Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zambiri, kutsogolela kuli ndi mfundo yotsika kwambiri, ndipo malo ake otentha ndi otsika kwambiri pakati pa magulu 14 zigawo.
Kutsogolera kumapangitsa kuti apange mawonekedwe otetezedwa ndi mpweya. Kukhazikika kopitilira muyeso kumeneku kumatsogolera (ii) carbonate. Pakhozanso kukhala sulfate ndi chloride mitundu yotsogolera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zotsogola mwachisawawa. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta a fluorine amatha kuchitira ndi kutentha kwa chipinda kuti apange chitsogozo (II) Fluoride. Palinso zomwezi ndi mpweya wa chlorine komanso, koma zimafunikira kutentha. Kupatula apo, zitsulo zotsogola zimagwirizana ndi sulfuric acid ndi phosphoric acid koma amachita ndi HCL ndi HNE3 Acid. Acids organic acid monga acetic acid amatha kusungunula chitsogozo pamaso pa okosijeni. Momwemonso, kuchuluka kwa alkali alkali acid amatha kusungunula chitsogozo kuti apange zimbudzi.
Popeza kutsogolera kunaletsedwa ku USA mu 1978 monga chopangira mu utoto chifukwa cha zoopsa, sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga pensulo. Komabe, chinali chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pensulo nthawi imeneyo. Kutsogolera kudadziwika ngati zoopsa kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, anthu adafunafuna zinthu zoloweza kuti asinthe chitsogozo ndi china chopanga zopendekera.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chojambula ndi kutsogolera?
Graphite ndipo kutsogolera ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zamankhwala chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zofunikira ndi ntchito. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa graphite ndikutsogolera ndikuti graphite ndi osakhazikika komanso khola lalikulu, pomwe kutsogolera kumakhala kovuta komanso kosatha.
Kutsogolera ndi chitsulo chosasinthika chosasinthika. Titha kufotokoza fanizo lofooka la kutsogolera pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wake wamphero. EG Atsogoleri ndi kutsogolera oxide amakhudzana ndi ma acid ndi zitsulo ndipo amakonda kupanga zomangira. Panthawi yotsogola nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makutidwe azomwe amatsogolera m'malo mongosintha makutiro (+4 oxidation (+4 oxidation (+4 oxidation)
Post Nthawi: Jul-08-2022
