Njira Zothandiza Zogwiritsira Ntchito Soda Yothira Madzi Otayira - Kutsatira Malamulo Otsika Mtengo

Kwa akatswiri opanga mankhwala ndi ogwira ntchito zotsukira madzi akuda, soda ya caustic ndi yothandiza kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo. Imalola kusintha pH mwachangu, kutsika kwa madzi m'chitsulo cholemera, komanso kukhuthala kwa magazi. Komabe, mavuto omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi monga kumwa mankhwala molakwika (kaya osakwanira kapena ochulukirapo) komanso njira zosungunula zolakwika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungunuke kapena asakwanire. Njira zotsatirazi zimagwira ntchito pothana ndi mavutowa.

Kukonzekera Opaleshoni Isanachitike - Masitepe Atatu Ofunika Kwambiri

1. Kusanthula Madzi Otayira: Yesani pH, COD, kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zolemera, ndi zina zofunika. Mlingo wofunikira wa soda ya caustic umadalira acidity ya madzi otayira komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipitsa. Kusanthula kumaletsa kumwa mankhwala ocheperako (kusatsatira malamulo) komanso kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo (mtengo wochulukirapo komanso kuipitsa kwachiwiri).
2. Kusankha Soda Woopsa: Pakuyeretsa madzi otayira, 96% kapena 98% ndi yokwanira. Pakuyeretsa madzi otayira omwe ali ndi mankhwala oyenera omwe amafunikira madzi abwino kwambiri, 99%+ ya madzi otayira angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ngakhale pamtengo wokwera.
3. Zipangizo Zodzitetezera (PPE): Valani magolovesi a rabara, magalasi a mankhwala, zovala zodzitetezera, ndi chopumira. Onetsetsani kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino komanso madzi osambira achangu alipo.

Njira Yoyenera Yosungunula

Tsatirani mfundo ya "kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono, kusakaniza, kuziziritsa".

• Chidebe Chosungunula: Gwiritsani ntchito zidebe zapulasitiki kapena zadothi zokha. Musagwiritse ntchito zidebe zachitsulo, chifukwa madzi amchere angawononge.
• Kuchuluka kwa Madzi: Gwiritsani ntchito chiŵerengero cha pafupifupi gawo limodzi la soda ndi magawo 10-20 a madzi.
• Njira Yogwirira Ntchito: Onjezani soda pang'onopang'ono komanso mosalekeza m'madzi mukusakaniza mosalekeza. Musawonjezere madzi ku soda, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kukhudzana kwakukulu ndi kupopera madzi.
• Kusamalira Kutentha: Kutentha kwakukulu kumatulutsidwa panthawi yosungunuka. Lolani kuti yankho lizizire kutentha kwa chipinda musanagwiritse ntchito.

Njira Zofunikira - Mlingo ndi Njira Yowonjezerera

• Kuwerengera Mlingo: Monga chitsanzo chokhazikika, 5–8 g ya soda yokazinga pa kiyubiki mita imodzi ya madzi otayira imakweza pH ndi pafupifupi unit imodzi. Komabe, nthawi zonse yesani mumtsuko: tengani chitsanzo cha madzi otayira pang'ono, onjezerani milingo yosiyanasiyana ya soda yokazinga, ndikuyesa pH yomwe yatuluka kuti mudziwe mlingo woyenera wokwaniritsira pH yofunikira ya 7–8.
• Zitsulo Zolemera Zomwe Zilipo: Ngati madzi otayira ali ndi zitsulo zolemera (monga mkuwa, chitsulo, lead), pangafunike mlingo wokwera kuti pakhale ma hydroxide osasungunuka. Sinthani mayeso a botolo moyenera ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zotsalira.
• Njira Yowonjezerera: Onjezani madzi a caustic soda okonzedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mofanana mu thanki yoyeretsera pamene mukusakaniza. Mukawonjezera, pitirizani kusakaniza kwa mphindi 10-15, kenako lolani kuti zikhazikike.

Malangizo ndi Zisamaliro Zopulumutsa Mtengo

• Gwiritsani ntchito soda yoyera ya 96% yoyera pa ntchito zambiri; kuyera kwambiri sikofunikira kawirikawiri.
• Sakanizani ndi ma coagulants (monga polyaluminum chloride, polyacrylamide) kuti muwonjezere kusuntha kwa madzi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito soda.
• Musawonjezere caustic soda nthawi imodzi ndi zinthu zokhala ndi acidic (monga hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid). Ngati zonse ziwiri zikufunika, dikirani kwa maola 1-2 pakati pa kuwonjezera.
• Yang'anirani pH nthawi zonse mukamapereka mlingo ndipo sinthani ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Thirani mankhwala otsala a soda mwa kuichotsa musanaigwiritse ntchito motsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe.