Udindo ndi Njira ya Sodium Sulphide pa Kuyandama kwa Ores a Lead-Zinc Ores

Michere ya lead-zinc yosungunuka (cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, ndi zina zotero) ili ndi malo okonda madzi ndipo singathe kuyandama mwachindunji ndi xanthate collectors. Kuwonjezera kwa sodium sulphide sulphide kumapangitsa kuti miyalayo ilowerere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti xanthates ilowererenso. Kupatula sulphidisation ndi activation, sodium sulphide imaperekanso kupsinjika kosankha, kusintha pH ya pulp, ndi ntchito zochotsa reagent, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale reagent yofunika kwambiri pakukonza lead-zinc yosungunuka.

I. Kusakaniza ndi kuyambitsa kwa Sulphide

1. Njira yochitira zinthu
   Sodium sulfide imapangidwa m'madzi kuti ipange ma ayoni a S²⁻ ndi HS⁻, omwe amachita ndi ma ayoni achitsulo pamwamba pa mchere wa lead-zinc wosungunuka kudzera mu solving precipitation, ndikupanga filimu ya hydrophobic sulfide:

Cerussite:
PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (chithunzi chosonyeza momwe zinthu zilili; chosungira malo cha chithunzi)

Smithsonite:
ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (chithunzi chosonyeza momwe zinthu zilili; chosungira malo cha chithunzi)

Filimu ya PbS yopangidwa ndi yolimba komanso yokhazikika, imatenga xanthate mwamphamvu ndikupatsa lead yosungunuka ndi sulfide-like floating. Filimu ya ZnS ndi yomasuka ndipo imatha kusungunuka ndi kugawanika; sodium sulfide yokha siyokwanira kuti zinc yosungunuka ikhale yoyandama, zomwe zimafuna kuyambikanso ndi amine collectors pambuyo pake.

2. Mtengo wa ntchito
   Popanda sodium sulfide, kubwezeretsa kwa lead-zinc yosungunuka kumakhala kochepa. Ndi sulfidi yoyenerera, kubwezeretsa kwa lead kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Sulphidisation ndi chinthu chofunikira kuti ore isungunuke. Mwachizolowezi, sodium sulfide imawonjezedwa kaye kuti isungunuke, kenako xanthate kuti lead isungunuke bwino.

II. Kuvutika maganizo kosankha

1. Kuchepetsa zonyansa monga sphalerite ndi pyrite
   S²⁻ yochulukirapo m'thupi imaphimba pamwamba pa galena, sphalerite, ndi pyrite, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa xanthate ndikupanga zotsatira zokhumudwitsa.
   Mu gawo la kuyandama kwa lead wambiri, mlingo wocheperako wa sodium sulfide umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa lead yokha yosungunuka; kuchuluka kwake kumatsitsa lead pomwe kumatsitsa kwambiri sphalerite yayikulu, motero zimapangitsa kuti zinc-lead ikule.
   Pa gawo la kuyandama kwa zinc, mbuyo ya lead iyenera kutsukidwa bwino kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa sodium sulfide yotsala ndikuchotsa kupsinjika, musanagwiritse ntchito zosonkhanitsa amine kuti mubwezeretse zinc.
2. Malamulo a mlingo
   Mlingo wosakwanira: filimu yopyapyala komanso yosakwanira ya sulfide, kuchira kochepa kwa lead.
   Mlingo wochepa: kuyambitsa kwathunthu kwa lead yosungunuka ndi kutsika pang'ono kwa sphalerite, kulekanitsa bwino.
   Mlingo wochuluka: S²⁻ yochulukirapo imaletsa lead ndi sphalerite zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lead ndi zinc zibwererenso pansi kwambiri.

III. Kukonza matumbo

1. kusintha kwa pH
   Kuthira madzi kwa sodium sulfide kumabweretsa yankho la alkaline kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pH ya zamkati ikhale yabwino pakati pa 8.5–11. Malo okhala ndi alkaline amaletsa kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kwa filimu ya sulfide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sulfide ikhale yolimba.
2. Kulamulira kwa Eh
   Ma ayoni a sulfide ochepetsa amachepetsa mphamvu ya okosijeni ya zamkati, zomwe zimaletsa kutsekeka kwa okosijeni pa filimu ya PbS. Pa miyala yokhala ndi okosijeni wambiri, sodium sulfide yowonjezera iyenera kusungidwa ngati chochepetsera.
3. Kugwa kwa ayoni a zitsulo zolemera zoopsa
   Ma ioni aulere a Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, ndi Fe³⁺ mu pulp samayambitsa mchere wa gangue mosankha, zomwe zimachepetsa kusankha. S²⁻ imapangitsa ma ioni awa kukhala sulfides, kuchotsa kusokoneza ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagent osafunikira.
4. Kufalikira kwa utsi
   Zinthu zopangidwa ndi alkaline hydrolysis zimafalitsa pang'ono utomoni wabwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuphimba kwa pamwamba pa mchere womwe mukufuna.

IV. Kuchepetsa/kuletsa madzi m'thupi
Pamene mankhwala osakanikirana a lead-zinc oxidised concentrate apangidwa, sodium sulfide yambiri imatha kuwonjezeredwa pamlingo waukulu. S²⁻ imachotsa xanthate yomwe yakhudzidwa pamwamba pa mchere, ndikuchotsa bwino chosonkhanitsacho. Pambuyo potsuka ndi kubwezeretsa, sulphidisation ndi kulekanitsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothetsa kukula kwa lead-zinc komwe kwatsekedwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo ovuta a polymetallic oxygen-sulfide mixed ore flotation.

V. Kusiyana kwa khalidwe la sodium sulfide pa mchere wa lead poyerekeza ndi zinc

1. Lead wosungunuka (cerussite) - amapanga filimu yolimba ya PbS; sodium sulfide wocheperako ndi wokwanira kuti isasunthike bwino; kuchulukira kokha kumayambitsa kupsinjika. Yoyenera kusunthika kwa lead wochuluka wochokera ku xanthate.
2. Zinc yosungunuka (smithsonite) – imapanga filimu ya ZnS yosasunthika; sodium sulfide yokha singathe kuiyandama. Sodium sulfide imagwira ntchito yokha ngati chithandizo choyambirira, ndipo zosonkhanitsa za cationic monga octadecylamine kapena dodecylamine zimafunika. Sodium sulfide yotsala imaletsa kwambiri kuyandama kwa zinc yosungunuka.

VI. Malangizo ofunikira pa ntchito zamafakitale

1. Kugawaniza: onjezerani mu gawo lopera ndi lopanda kugwedezeka kuti muwonjezere nthawi yolumikizana ndi sulphidisation.
2. Masamba oyandama a lead amafunika kuchepetsedwa ndi kutsukidwa kuti achepetse sodium sulfide yotsala zinc isanayandikire.
3. Kuti mupeze miyala ya dongo yokhala ndi okosijeni wambiri, phatikizani ndi zinthu zochepetsera (ufa wachitsulo) ndi zinthu zosungunula (sodium hexametaphosphate) kuti mukhazikitse filimu ya sulfide.

Zotsatirapo zake: kupanga mpweya woipa wa mazira ovunda (H₂S) - mpweya wokwanira umafunika; reagent yambiri imawonjezera mtengo; kuchuluka kwa sulfide m'madzi otayidwa kumapitirira malire.
Chidziwitso chapadera: NaHS, ngati igwiritsidwa ntchito, imawola mosavuta.